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Americas

Argentina

General

Ruggieri, F., Saavedra, J., Fernandez-Turiel, J. L., Gimeno, D. and Garcia-Valles, M. (2010) ‘Environmental geochemistry of ancient volcanic ashes’, Journal of Hazardous Materials, 183(1-3), 353- 365.

Copahue Volcano

Gomez, D., Smichowski, P., Polla, G., Ledesma, A., Resnizky, S. and Rosa, S. (2002) 'Fractionation of elements by particle size of ashes ejected from Copahue Volcano, Argentina', Journal of Environmental Monitoring, 4(6), 972-977.

Chile

Daga, R., Guevara, S.R., Poire, D.G., & Arribére. (2014) ‘Characterisation of tephras dispersed by the recent eruptions of volcanoes Calbuco (1061), Chaitén (2008) and Cordón Caulle Complex (1960 and 2011), in Northern Patagonia’, Journal of South American Earth Sciences, 49, 1-14.

Horwell, C. J., Le Blond, J. S., Michnowicz, S. A. K. & Cressey, G. (2010) 'Cristobalite in a rhyolitic lava dome: evolution of ash hazard', Bulletin of Volcanology, 72(2), 249-253.

Reich, M., Zuniga, A., Amigo, A., Vargas, G., Morata, D., Palacios, C., Parada, M. A. & Garreaud, R. D. (2009) 'Formation of cristobalite nanofibers during explosive volcanic eruptions', Geology, 37(5), 435- 438.

Ecuador

Guaga Pichincha Volcano

Naumova, E. N., Yepes, H., Griffiths, J. K., Sempertegui, F., Khurana, G., Jagai, J. S., Jativa, E. and Estrella, B. (2007) 'Emergency room visits for respiratory conditions in children increased after Guagua Pichincha volcanic eruptions in April 2000 in Quito, Ecuador Observational Study: Time series analysis',Environmental Health, 6, 21.

Mount Tungurahua

Tobin, G. A. & Whiteford, L. M. (2001) 'Children’s health characteristics under different evacuation strategies: the eruption of Mount Tungurahua, Ecuador', Applied Geography Conference, 24, 183-191.

Tobin, G. A., & Whiteford, L. M. (2004) ‘Chronic hazards: Health impacts associated with on-going ash- falls around Mt. Tungurahua in Ecuador’, Applied Geography Conferences, 27, 84-93.

Costa Rica

Horton, R. J. M. & McCaldin, R. O. (1964) 'Observations on air pollution aspects of Irazu volcano, Costa Rica', Public Health Reports, 79, 925-929.

Nicaragua

Malilay, J., Real, M. G., Ramirez Vanegas, A., Noji, E. & Sinks, T. (1996) 'Public health surveillance after a volcanic eruption: lessons from Cerro Negro, Nicaragua, 1992', Bull Pan Am Health Organ, 30(3), 218- 26.

Martin, R. S., Mather, T. A., Pyle, D. M., Power, M., Tsanev, V. I., Oppenheimer, C., Allen, A. G., Horwell, C. J. & Ward, E.P.W. (2009) 'Size distributions of fine silicate and other particles in Masaya's volcanic plume', Journal of Geophysical Research – Atmospheres, 114, D9.

Mather, T. A., Allen, A. G., Oppenheimer, C., Pyle, D.M., & McGonigle, A.J.S. (2003) 'Size resolved particle compositions of the tropospheric plume of Masaya volcano, Nicaragua', Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry, 46(3), 207-237.

Mexico

Rojas-Ramos, M., Catalan-Vazquez, M., Pozzo, A. L. M. D., Garcia-Ojeda, E., Villalba-Caloca, J. & Perez-Neria, J. (2001) 'A seven months prospective study of the respiratory effects of exposure to ash from Popocatepetl volcano, Mexico', Environmental Geochemistry and Health, 23(4), 383-396.

Montserrat

Epidemiological and clinical studies

Cadelis, G., Tourres, R., Molinie, J., & Petit, R.H. (2013) ‘Exacerbations of asthma in Guadeloupe (French West Indies) and volcanic eruption in Montserrat (70km from Guadeloupe)’, Revue des Maladies Respiratoires, 30(3), 203-214.

Cowie, H.A., Graham, M.K., Searl, A., Miller, B.G., Hutchison, P.A., Swales, C., Dempsey, S., & Russell, M. (2002) A health survey of workers on the island of Montserrat. Institute of Occupational Medicine, Edinburgh, IOMTM/02/01.

Cowie, H. A., Hutchison, P. A., Graham, M. K., Cattermole, T. J., Dempsey, S. & Russell, M. (2006) ‘Study of workers on the island of Montserrat: Follow up to survey in 2000’, Edinburgh: Institute of Occupational Medicine.

Cowie, H.A., Searl, A., Ritchie, P.J., Graham, M.K., Hutchison, P.A., & Pilkington, A. (2001) A health survey of Montserratians relocated to the UK. Institute of Occupational Medicine, Edinburgh, IOM TM/01/07.

Forbes, L., Jarvis, D., Potts, J. & Baxter, P. J. (2003) 'Volcanic ash and respiratory symptoms in children on the island of Montserrat, British West Indies', Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 60(3), 207- 211.

Searl, A., Baxter, P. J. & Cowie, H. (2002) 'Exposure to volcanic ash on Montserrat, British West Indies', Annals of Occupational Hygiene, 46(Supplement 1), 35-38.

Searl, A., Nicholl, A. & Baxter, P. J. (2002) 'Assessment of the exposure of islanders to ash from the Soufriere Hills volcano, Montserrat, British West Indies', Occupational and Environmental Medicine,59(8), 523-531.

Toxicological

BéruBé, K., Jones, T, Housley, D., & Richards, R. (2004) ‘The respiratory toxicity of airborne volcanic ash from the Soufrière Hills volcano, Montserrat’, Mineralogical Magazine, 68 (1), 47-60.

Cullen, R. T. & Institute of Occupational Medicine. (2002) Toxicity of volcanic ash from Montserrat[electronic resource], Research report, Edinburgh: Institute of Occupational Medicine.

Cullen, R. T. & Searl, A. (1998) Preliminary toxicological hazard assessment of Montserrat volcanic ash: in vitro cytotoxicity. Edinburgh: Institute of Occupational Medicine.

Housley, D. G., Berube, K. A., Jones, T. P., Anderson, S., Pooley, F. D. & Richards, R. J. (2002) 'Pulmonary epithelial response in the rat lung to instilled Montserrat respirable dusts and their major mineral components', Occupational Environmental Medicine, 59, 466-472.

Jones, T.P., & BéruBé, K. (2011) ‘The bioreactivity of the sub-10μm component of volcanic ash: Soufrière Hills volcano, Montserrat’, Journal of Hazardous Materials, 194, 128-134.

Lee, S. H. & Richards, R. J. (2004) 'Montserrat volcanic ash induces lymph node granuloma and delayed lung inflammation', Toxicology, 195, 155-165.

Tomašek, I., Horwell, C.J., Damby, D.E., Barosova, H., Geers, C., Petri-Fink, A., Rothen-Rutishauser, B., Clift, M.J.D., (2016). Combined exposure of diesel exhaust particles and respirable Soufrière Hills volcanic ash causes a (pro-)inflammatory response in an in vitro multicellular epithelial tissue barrier model. Particle and Fibre Toxicology. 13:67.

Wilson, M. R., Stone, V., Cullen, R. T., Searl, A., Maynard, R. L. & Donaldson, K. (2000) 'In vitro toxicology of respirable Montserrat volcanic ash', Occupational Environmental Medicine, 57, 727-733.

Physicochemical

Baxter, P. J., Bonadonna, C., Dupree, R., Hards, V. L., Kohn, S. C., Murphy, M. D., Nichols, A., Nicholson, R. A., Norton, G., Searl, A., Sparks, R. S. J. & Vickers, B. P. (1999) 'Cristobalite in volcanic ash of the Soufriere Hills Volcano, Montserrat, British West Indies', Science, 283(5405), 1142-1145.

Baxter, P.J., Searl, A., Cowie, H.A., Jarvis, D. and Horwell, C.J. (2014) ‘Evaluating the respiratory health risks of volcanic ash at the eruption of the Soufrière Hills Volcano, Montserrat, 1995-2010’, In: Wadge, G., Robertson R., & Voight, B. (Eds) The Eruption of Soufriere Hills Volcano, Montserrat from 2000 to 2010. Memoir of the Geological Society of London, 39(22), 407-425.

Horwell, C. J., Braña, L. P., Sparks, R.S.J., Murphy, M. D. & Hards, V. L. (2001) 'A geochemical investigation of fragmentation and physical fractionation in pyroclastic flows from the Soufrière Hills volcano, Montserrat', Journal of Volcanological Geothermal Research, 109, 247-262.

Horwell, C. J., Fenoglio, I., Ragnarsdottir, K.V., Sparks, R. S. & Fubini, B. (2003) 'Surface reactivity of volcanic ash from the eruption of Soufrière Hills volcano, Montserrat, West Indies with implications for health hazards', Environmental Research, 93(2), 202-215.

Horwell, C. J., Sparks, R. S. J., Brewer, T. S., Llewellin, E. W. & Williamson, B. J.

(2003) 'Characterization of respirable volcanic ash from the Soufrière Hills volcano, Montserrat, with implications for human health hazards', Bulletin of Volcanology, 65(5), 346-362.

Horwell, C.J., Hillman, S.E., Cole, P.D., Loughlin, S.C., Llewellin, E.W., Damby, D.E., & Christopher, T.A. (2014) ‘Cristobalite content of ash generated by 15 years of activity of the Soufrière Hills volcano, Montserrat’, In: Wadge, G., Robertson, R., & Voight, B. (Eds) The Eruption of Soufriere Hills Volcano, Montserrat from 2000 to 2010. Memoir of the Geological Society of London, 39(21), 399-406.

Other

Avery, J.G. (2003) ‘The aftermath of a disaster - Recovery following the volcanic eruptions in Montserrat, West Indies’, West Indian Medical Journal, 52(2), 131-135.

Cowie, H. A., Baxter, P. J., Hincks, T., Searl, A., Sparks, R. S. J., Tran, C. L., Aspinall, W. & Woo, G. (2003) Risk assessment for silicosis and exposure to volcanic ash on Montserrat. London: UK Department for International Development.

Hincks, T. K., Aspinall, W. P., Baxter, P. J., Searl, A., Sparks, R. S. J. & Woo, G. (2006) 'Long term exposure to respirable volcanic ash on Montserrat: a time series simulation', Bulletin of Volcanology,68(3), 266-284.

United States

Mount St Helens

Epidemiological and clinical studies

Baxter, P. J., Ing, R., Falk, H., French, J., Stein, G. F., Bernstein, R. S., Merchant, J. A. & Allard, J. (1981) 'Mount St Helens eruptions, May 18 to June 12, 1980. An overview of the acute health impact', JAMA, 246(22), 2585-2589.

Baxter, P. J., Ing, R., Falk, H. & Plikaytis, B. (1983) 'Mount St. Helens eruptions: the acute respiratory effects of volcanic ash in a North American community', Archives of Environmental Health, 38, 138-143.

Bernstein, R. S., McCawley, M. A., Attfield, M. D., Green, F. H. Y. & Olenchock, S. A. (1982) 'Epidemiological assessment of the risk for adverse pulmonary effects from persistent occupational exposures to Mount St. Helens volcanic ash (tephra)', In: Keller, S. A. C. (ed) Mount St. Helens: one year later. Cheney, WA: Eastern Washington University Press, 207-213.

Bernstein, R. S., McCawley, M. A., Attfield, M. D., Green, F. H. Y., Olenchock, S. A. & Dollberg, D. D. (1981) Evaluation of the potential pulmonary hazards of breathing-zone exposures to Mount St. Helens volcanic ash in loggers: the results of short-term toxicological, environmental and epidemiological studies. Atlanta: DHHS (NOISH).

Buist, A.S. (1988) ‘Evaluation of the short and long term effects of exposure to inhaled volcanic ash from Mt. St. Helens’, Kagoshima international conference on volcanoes proceedings, Kagoshima, Japan, 709–712.

Buist, A. S., Johnson, L. R., Vollmer, W. M., Sexton, G. J. & Kanarek, P. H. (1983) 'Acute effects of volcanic ash from Mount Saint Helens on lung function in children', American Review of Respiratory Disease, 127, 714-719.

Buist, A. S., Vollmer, W. M., Johnson, L. R., Bernstein, R. S. & McCamant, L. E. (1986) 'A four-year prospective study of the respiratory effects of volcanic ash from Mt. St. Helens', American Review of Respiratory Disease, 133(4), 526-534.

Craighead, J. E., Adler, K. B., Butler, G. B., Emerson, R. J., Mossman, B. T. & Woodworth, C. D. (1983) 'Health-Effects of Mount St-Helens Volcanic Dust', Laboratory Investigation, 48(1), 5-12.

Fraunfelder, F. T., Kalina, R. E., Buist, R. S. & Johnson, D. S. (1983) 'Ocular effects following the volcanic eruptions of Mount St. Helens', Archives of Ophthalmology, 101, 376-378.

Johnson, K. A., Loftsgaarden, D. O. & Gideon, R. A. (1982) 'The effects of Mount St. Helens ash on the pulmonary function of 120 elementary school children', American Review of Respiratory Disease, 126, 1066-1069.

Merchant, J. A., Baxter, P. J., Bernstein, R. S., McCawley, M., Falk, H., Stein, G., Ing, R. & Attfield, M. (1982) 'Health implications of the Mount St. Helens eruption: epidemiological considerations', Annals of Occupational Hygiene, 26, 911-919.

Olenchock, S. A., Mull, J. C., Mentnech, M. S., Lewis, D. M., & Bernstein, R. S. (1983) ‘Changes in humoral immunologic parameters after exposure to volcanic ash’, Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, 11(3), 395-404.

Vallyathan, V., Mentnech, M. S., Tucker, J. H., & Green, F. H. (1983) ‘Pulmonary response to Mount St. Helens' volcanic ash’, Environmental Research, 30(2), 361-371.

Weniger, B. G., Blaser, M. J., Gedrose, J., Lippy, E. C., & Juranek, D. D. (1983) ‘An outbreak of waterborne giardiasis associated with heavy water runoff due to warm weather and volcanic ashfall’, American Journal of Public Health,73(8), 868-872.

Toxicological

Adler, K.B., Mossman, B.T., Butler, G.B., Jean, L.M., & Craighead, J.E. (1984) ‘Interaction of Mount St. Helens’ volcanic ash with cells of the respiratory epithelium’, Environmental Research, 35, 346–361.

Agopyan, N., Head, J., Yu, S. & Simon, S. A. (2004) 'TRPV1 receptors mediate particulate matter- induced apoptosis', American Journal of Physiological: Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology, 286(3), L563-72.

Akematsu T., Dodson R.F., Williams M.G., & Hurst G.A. (1982) ‘The short-term effects of volcanic ash on the small airways of the respiratory system’, Environmental Research, 29, 358–370.

Beck, B. D., Brain, J. D. & Bohannon, D. E. (1982) 'The pulmonary toxicity of an ash sample from the Mount St. Helens volcano', Experimental Lung Research, 2, 289-301.

Bernstein, R. S., McCawley, M. A., Attfield, M. D., Green, F. H. Y., Olenchock, S. A. & Dollberg, D. D. (1981) Evaluation of the potential pulmonary hazards of breathing-zone exposures to Mount St. Helens volcanic ash in loggers: the results of short-term toxicological, environmental and epidemiological studies. Atlanta: DHHS (NOISH).

Bonner, J. C., Rice, A. B., Lindroos, P. M., O'Brian, P. O., Dreher, K. L., Rosas, I., Alfaro-Moreno, E. & Osornio-Vargas, A. R. (1998) 'Induction of the lung myofibroblast PDGF receptor system by urban ambient particles in Mexico city', American Journal of Respiratory Cell Molecular Biology, 19, 672-680.

Castranova, V., Bowman, L., Shreve, J. M., Jones, G. S. & Miles, P. R. (1982) 'Volcanic ash: toxicity to isolated lung cells', Journal of Toxicological, Environmental Health, 9(2), 317-325.

Dodson, R. F., Martin, R. R., O'Sullivan, M. F. & Hurst, G. A. (1982) 'In vitro response of human pulmonary macrophages with volcanic ash: a morphological study', Experimental Molecular Pathology, 37, 406-412.

Fedan, J. S., Ma, J., Fromelel, G. & Mentneck, M. S. (1981) 'Effect of Mount St. Helens ash on the response of rat trachea to smooth muscle agonists', Environmental Research, 26, 497-502.

Fruchter, J. S., Robertson, D. E., Evans, J. C., Olsen, K. B., Lepel, E. A., Laul, J. C., Abel, K. H., Sanders, R. W., Jackson, P. O., Wogman, N. S., Perkins, R. W., Vant Tuyl, R. L., Beauchamp, R. H., Shade, J. W., Daniel, J. L., Erikson, R. L., Sehmel, G. A., Lee, R. N., Robinson, A. V., Moss, O. R., Briant, J. K. & Cannon, W. C. (1980) 'Mount St. Helens ash from the 18 May 1980 eruption: Chemical, Physical, Mineralogical and Biological Properties', Science, 209, 1116-1125.

Graham, J. A., Miller, F. J., Davies, D. W., Hiteshew, M. E. & Walsh, L. C. (1985) 'Inhalation studies of Mt. St. Helens volcanic ash in animals. I. Introduction and exposure system', Environmental Research, 37(1), 61-71.

Green, F. H. Y., Bowman, L., Castranova, V., Dollberg, D. D., Elliot, J. A., Fedan, J. S., Hahon, N., Judy, D. J., Major, P. C., Mentnech, M. S., Miles, P. R., Mull, J., Olenchock, S., Ong, T., Pailes, W. M., Resnick, H., Stettler, L. E., Tucker, J. G., Vallyathan, V. & Whong, W. (1982) 'Health implications of the Mount St. Helens’ eruption: Laboratory investigations', Annals of Occupational Hygiene, 26, 921-933.

Grose, E. C., Grady, M. A., Illing, J. W., Daniels, M. J., Selgrade, M. K. & Hatch, G. E. (1985) 'Inhalation studies of Mt. St. Helens volcanic ash in animals: III. Host Defense Mechanisms', Environmental Research, 37, 84-92.

Huang, Y. C., Li, Z., Harder, S. D. & Soukup, J. M. (2004) 'Apoptotic and inflammatory effects induced by different particles in human alveolar macrophages', Inhalation Toxicology, 16(14), 863-878.

Kornbrust, D. J. & Hatch, G. E. (1984) 'Effect of silica and volcanic ash on the content of lung alveolar and tissue phospholipids', Environmental Research, 35, 140-153.

Kraemer, M. J. & McCarthy, M. M. (1985) 'Childhood asthma hospitalization rates in Spokane County, Washington', Journal of Asthma, 22, 37-43.

Martin, T. R., Ayars, G., Butler, J. & Altmn, L. C. (1984) 'The comparative toxicity of volcanic ash and quartz. Effects on cells derived from the human lung', American Review of Respiratory Disease, 130(5), 778-782.

Martin, T. R., Chi, E. Y., Covert, D. S., Hodson, W. A., Kessler, D. E., Moore, W. E., Altman, L. C. & Butler, J. (1983) 'Comparative effects of inhaled volcanic ash and quartz in rats', American Review of Respiratory Disease, 128(1), 144-152.

Martin, T. R., Wehner, A. P. & Butler, J. (1986) 'Evaluation of Physical Health-Effects Due to Volcanic Hazards - the Use of Experimental Systems to Estimate the Pulmonary Toxicity of Volcanic Ash', American Journal of Public Health, 76, 59-65.

Martin, T. R., Wehner, A. P. & Butler, J. (1983) 'Pulmonary toxicity of Mt. St. Helens volcanic ash: a review of experimental studies', American Review of Respiratory Disease, 128, 158-162.

Nania, J. & Bruya, T. E. (1982) 'In the wake of Mount St. Helens', Annals of Emergency Medicine, 11, 184-191.

Raub, J. A., Hatch, G. E., Mercer, R. R., Grady, M. & Hu, P.-C. (1985) 'Inhalation studies of Mt. St. Helens volcanic ash in animals: II. Lung function, biochemistry and histology', Environmental Research, 37, 72-83.

Robinson, A. V. & Schneider, R. P. (1982) In vitro toxicity of Mount St. Helens volcanic ash: final report to NIEHS on Task 3, Health effects of Mount St. Helens volcano. Richland, WA: Battelle Pacific North- west Laboratories.

Sanders, C. L., Conklin, A. W., Gelman, R. A., Adee, R. R. & Rhoads, K. (1982) 'Pulmonary toxicity of Mount St. Helens volcanic ash', Environmental Research, 27, 118-135.

Sanders, C. L., Rhoads, K. & Mahaffey, J. A. (1983) 'Long-term reactivity of lung and mediastinal lymph nodes following intratracheal instillation of sandy loam soil of Mount St. Helens volcanic ash', Environmental Research, 32, 188-198.

Schiff, L. J., Byrne, M. M., Elliott, S. F., Moore, S. J., Ketels, K. V. & Graham, J. A. (1981) 'Response of hamster trachea in organ culture to Mount St. Helens volcano ash', Scanning Electron Microscopy, 11, 169-178.

Vallyathan, V., Mentnech, M. S., Stettler, L. E., Dollberg, D. D. & Green, F. H. (1983) 'Mount St. Helens' volcanic ash: hemolytic activity', Environmental Research, 30, 349-360.

Vallyathan, V., Mentnech, M. S., Tucker, J. H. & Green, F. H. (1983) 'Pulmonary response to Mount St. Helens’ volcanic ash', Environmental Research, 30, 361-371.

Vallyathan, V., Robinson, V., Reasor, M., Stettler, L. & Bernstein, R. (1984) 'Comparative in vitro cytotoxicity of volcanic ashes from Mount St Helens, El Chichon, and Galunggung', Journal of Toxicological Environmental Health, 14(5-6), 641-654.

Veronesi, B., de Haar, C., Lee, L. & Oortgiesen, M. (2002) 'The surface charge of visible particulate matter predicts biological activation in human bronchial epithelial cells', Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, 178(3), 144-54.

Warheit, D. B., Overby, L. H., George, G. & Brody, A. R. (1988) 'Pulmonary macrophages are attracted to inhaled particles through complement activation', Experimental Lung Research, 14(1), 51-66.

Wehner, A.P., Dagle, G.E., Clark, M.L., & Buschbom, R.L. (1986) ‘Lung changes in rats following inhalation exposure to volcanic ash for two years’, Environmental Research, 40, 499–517.

Wehner, A. P., Wilkerson, C. L. & Stevens, D. L. (1984) 'Lung clearance of neutron-activated Mount St. Helens ash in the rat', Environmental Research, 35, 211-217.

Wiester, M. J., Setzer, C. J., Barry, B. E., Mercer, R. R. & Grady, M. A. (1985) 'Inhalation studies of Mt. St. Helens volcanic ash in animals: Respiratory mechanics, airway reactivity and deposition', Environmental Research, 36, 230-240.

Physicochemical

Bernstein, R. S., McCawley, M. A., Attfield, M. D., Green, F. H. Y., Olenchock, S. A. & Dollberg, D. D. (1981) Evaluation of the potential pulmonary hazards of breathing-zone exposures to Mount St. Helens volcanic ash in loggers: the results of short-term toxicological, environmental and epidemiological studies. Atlanta: DHHS (NOISH).

Cannon, W. C. (1980) 'Mount St. Helens ash from the 18 May 1980 eruption: Chemical, physical, Mineralogical and Biological Properties', Science, 209, 1116-1125.

Davis, B. L., Johnson, L. R., Griffen, D. T., Phillips, W. R., Stevens, R. K. & Maughan, D.

(1981) 'Quantitative analysis of Mount St. Helens ash by X-ray diffraction and X-ray fluorescence spectrometry', Journal of Applied Meteorology, 20, 922-933.

Dollberg, D. D., Bolyard, M. L. & Smith, D. L. (1986) 'Evaluation of Physical Health-Effects Due to Volcanic Hazards - Crystalline Silica in Mount St-Helens Volcanic Ash', American Journal of Public Health, 76, 53-58.

Fruchter, J. S., Robertson, D. E., Evans, J. C., Olsen, K. B., Lepel, E. A., Laul, J. C., Abel, K. H., Sanders,

R. W., Jackson, P. O., Wogman, N. S., Perkins, R. W., Vant Tuyl, R. L., Beauchamp, R. H., Shade, J. W., Daniel, J. L., Erikson, R. L., Sehmel, G. A., Lee, R. N., Robinson, A. V., Moss, O. R., Briant, J. K. & Cannon, W. C. (1980) 'Mount St. Helens ash from the 18 May 1980 eruption: Chemical, physical, Mineralogical and Biological Properties', Science, 209, 1116-1125.

Gage, D. R. & Farwell, S. O. (1981) 'Laser Raman spectrometry for the determination of crystalline silica polymorphs in volcanic ash', Annals of Chemistry, 53, 2123-2127.

USA - Other

Benke, R. R., Hooper, D. M., Durham, J. S., Bannon, D. R., Compton, K. L., Necsoiu, M. & McGinnis, R.N. (2009) 'Measurement of airborne particle concentrations near the Sunset Crater Volcano, Arizona', Health Physics, 96(2), 97-117.

Choudhury, A. H., Gordian, M. E. & Morris, S. S. (1997) 'Associations between respiratory illness and PM10 air pollution', Archives of Environmental Health, 52, 113-117.

Gordian, M. E., Ozkaynak, H., Xue, J. P., Morris, S. S. & Spengler, J. D. (1996) 'Particulate air pollution and respiratory disease in Anchorage, Alaska', Environmental Health Perspectives, 104(3), 290-297.

Gordian, M. E. & Choudhury, A. H. (2003) 'PM10 and asthma medication in schoolchildren', Archives of Environmental Health, 58(1), 42-47.

Longo, B.M. & Longo, A.A. (2013) ‘Volcanic ash in the air we breathe’, Multidisciplinary Respiratory Medicine, 8, 52.